Use of sodium hypochlorite solution. Apply at a single point where it will be able to be well-mixed into system water. Use accurate metering pumps or flowmeters engineered to handle the highly corrosive and alkaline properties of the solution. Diaphragm pumps are recommended, either motor or electric solenoid driven. Teflon fittings are required, and fiberglass piping is recommended; avoid stainless steel. Specific considerations for the holding tank, containment area, metering pump systems, and the skids to hold them are discussed by Menis-Croxall and deBruyn (1997). Use fiberglass piping for transporting concentrated solution to point of application.
Use of chlorine (Cl2) gas. Injection of the gas is more hazardous due to the nature of the material.